What Is WiMax?

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WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system, also known as IEEE 802.16, that is intended for wireless "metropolitan area networks". WiMAX can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations, and 3 - 10 miles (5 - 15 km) for mobile stations. In contrast, the WiFi/802.11 wireless local area network standard is limited in most cases to only 100 - 300 feet (30 - 100m).

With WiMAX, WiFi-like data rates are easily supported, but the issue of interference is lessened. WiMAX operates on both licensed and non-licensed frequencies, providing a regulated environment and viable economic model for wireless carriers.

WiMAX can be used for wireless networking in much the same way as the more common WiFi protocol. WiMAX is a second-generation protocol that allows for more efficient bandwidth use, interference avoidance, and is intended to allow higher data rates over longer distances.

The IEEE 802.16 standard defines the technical features of the communications protocol. The WiMAX Forum offers a means of testing manufacturer's equipment for compatibility, as well as an industry group dedicated to fostering the development and commercialization of the technology.

WiMax.com provides a focal point for consumers, service providers, manufacturers, analysts, and researchers who are interested in WiMAX technology, services, and products. Soon, WiMAX will be a very well recognized term to describe wireless Internet access throughout the world.



Applications

A major announcement in the US on October 27 is jump-starting the revitalization of the electric utility industry, with the Obama Administration opening up billions of stimulus dollars to companies investing in the modernization known as "Smart Grid."

In this article, I'll explain what Smart Grid is, what the announcement means to electric utilities and consumers, and the implications and opportunities for WiMAX vendors.

What is Smart Grid?

The term "Smart Grid" means different things to different people, most using it to their own advantage. But according to the United States Department of Energy Modern Grid Initiative report, a modern smart grid must:

• Be able to heal itself
• Motivate consumers to actively participate in operations of the grid.
• Resist attack
• Provide higher quality power that will save money wasted from outages
• Accommodate all generation and storage options
• Enable electricity markets to flourish
• Run more efficiently

What is significant to the telecommunications industry is that most of these require sophisticated communications networks in order to implement. In particular, self-healing, consumer participation (including buying and selling of electricity), and resisting attack are all integrally dependent on a communications network overlay to the electrical grid.

In terms of what is going on in the utility business, Smart Grid sometimes receive more marketing lip service than anything else. One utility representative told me, "The same salesperson is coming in to sell me the same thing as always, but now he says it's part of Smart Grid."

This is one reason why Tuesday's announcement was important. It is a significant step toward reducing the hype and inaction, and toward implementing the vision.

What was Allocated

Last spring, the US Department of Energy began accepting requests for stimulus dollars toward grid revitalization. Originally, there were to be three rounds of funding, but the 400 requests were so overwhelming, the DOE decided to only perform one award cycle. About 25% of the requests, covering 45 states and territories, were granted, to the tune of $3.4B. Combining this with matching spending by utilities and other private funds, the total commitment will exceed $8B.

In announcing the awards, the Obama Administration outlined the following policy goals and the related funding:

- Empowering Consumers to Save Energy and Cut Utility Bills - $1 billion.

- Making Electricity Distribution and Transmission More Efficient - $400 million.

- Integrating and Crosscutting Across Different "Smart" Components of a Smart Grid - $2 billion.

- Building a Smart Grid Manufacturing Industry - $25 million.

The sexy part of this award is the first item, which pays for 18 million smart meters (raising the U.S. total to 40 million, or 31% of all housing units). It also covers one million in-home displays to help consumers monitor their energy usage.

But to the telecommunications industry, the third item is more important, the integration of components across the grid itself.

Going Beyond the Basics

The stimulus awards allow the electric industry to finally plant the pillars upon which Smart Grid will be based. Certainly this is only a first step, but an important one to an industry that is much more highly regulated than telecom - and one funded in a vastly different way.

To the telecommunications industry, the excitement about Smart Grid isn't about smart meters, which are only a first step in two-way communication. (The electric utility industry is years, even decades, behind what's possible and offered in the telecom industry). Where we're really going with Smart Grid also goes beyond in-home displays. When Smart Grid really starts to flower, it will be capable of:

- Real-time rate (time-of-use) information delivered to the home, so that a home energy decision-making computer can determine how to save money by turning off appliances or even negotiating transactions to purchase from competing electric providers.

- Two-way transactions to buy and sell energy. For example, consumers could sell solar power or electric reserves from plug-in electric hybrid vehicles to energy companies. In essence, the home becomes a power plant.

- More sophisticated fault management techniques.

All of these concepts hinge on communications networking. To achieve these more advanced capabilities, though, utilities and consumers must start with a basic Smart Grid that first gets the conversation going between the two entities.

An Avenue for WiMAX

There is a lot of discussion around the standards for Smart Grid, which goes beyond the scope of this article. In short, standards will likely center on the application data that flows between Smart Grid components - and its security.

This leaves plenty of room for transport options on the network, and for each utility to decide the right networking for its needs. We can expect a mix of private and public networks, and a mix of technologies. These decisions will be driven by factors such as:

- Necessary security of the data - There is a lot of information that needs to be secure, but there is also information that requires less security.

- Volume of data - The utility industry is bracing for the volume. Today, metering typically consists of one-way monthly transactions of small amounts of data. In the future, there will be a flood of data traveling both directions over Smart Grid communications networks.

- Speed / latency - Quality of service and prioritization of data will be important. These may drive different networking solutions, depending on data types.

- Terrain and geography - An urban-based utility will have a different profile than a rural cooperative.

These are just some of the many factors. As you can imagine, cost will be an overriding factor in the discussion.

WiMAX is positioned to be well-suited to many of these needs. With its speed, quality of service capabilities and security measures, WiMAX should be in the mix as a telecom choice. Because the utilities in many cases will build their own networks, there are green field opportunities that go beyond what the local public cellular carriers might provide.

WiMAX vendors would do well to invest time and effort in studying Smart Grid opportunities and learning how to take advantage, now that the pillars of Smart Grid will be laid over the next few years.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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